local area network (LAN) in the home,

a wide area network (WAN) such as the Internet

Gateways:

• routing between the LAN and WAN,
• DHCP, to provide hosts in the home network with IP addresses,
• DNS, to respond to name resolution queries from hosts in the home network,
• NAT (Network Address Translation), to map one public IPv4 address to internal (private) IP addresses assigned to hosts on the home network.

home LAN:

• DHCP, to provide hosts in the home network with IP addresses,
• DNS, to respond to name resolution queries from hosts in the home network,
• NAT (Network Address Translation), to map one public IPv4 address to internal (private) IP addresses assigned to hosts on the home network.

DHCP

The Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) is a protocol for dynamically distributing IP addresses to hosts in a network. This eliminates the need for a user or network administrator to configure IP address settings manually on every host. It also allows a "pool" of IP addresses to be shared among many hosts; if a host leaves the network, the IP address it was using can be reassigned to someone else just entering the network.

GETTING AN IP ADDRESS WITH DHCP

• Getting an IP address with DHCP involves four phases known as DORA - discovery, offer, request, and acknowledgement.